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Legacies and health risks of heavy metals, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins/furans at e-waste recycling sites in South China

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1679-z

摘要：

● Heavy metals and organic toxins may persist in legacy sites for a long time.

关键词： E-waste Human health risk Organ risk Heavy metal toxicity PBDE PCDD/F

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Distribution of PCDD/Fs in a food waste anaerobic digestion process with biogas utilization

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1736-7

摘要：

● The PCDD/F distribution patterns of the FW-AD process were investigated.

关键词： Biological treatment MSW classification Mass balance Solid digestate

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PCDD/Fs emission, risk characterization, and reduction in China’s secondary copper production industry

Haiqian LI, Yonglong LU, Li LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 589-597 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0495-2

摘要： Secondary copper production is one of the key polychlorinated dibenzo- -dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) emission sources in China, but research and data on this issue are rare. In 2004, when the Stockholm Convention entered into force in China, PCDD/Fs emissions from secondary copper production contributed to 32.2% of the total release. In this paper, PCDD/Fs emission dynamics from secondary copper industry were discussed and cumulative risks were characterized. From 2004 to 2009, industrial policies played an indirect role in PCDD/Fs reduction, but its effects are still limited. The Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and central regions were among the top three of dioxin emissions from secondary copper production in China. Shanghai, Shandong, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi had comparatively higher accumulated risk and were recommended as the priority regions for promoting PCDD/Fs emission control in China. From 2009 to 2015, the PCDD/Fs emission dynamics in the secondary copper industry were presented through simulation. PCDD/Fs emission equations were established, resulting in the recommendation of control technology conversion rate at 30% for small scale smelters and 51%–57% for large and medium-sized enterprises in 2015. In conclusion, both indirect policy and direct control technology retrofitting should be integrated for more effective PCDD/Fs emission reduction in secondary copper industry.

关键词： polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) secondary copper production emission risk China

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Detailed analysis of PCBs and PCDD/Fs impurities in a dielectric oil sample (ASKAREL Nr 1740) from an

Jun HUANG, Yamei HUI, Toru MATSUMURA, Gang YU, Shubo DENG, Makoto YAMAUCHI, Changmin WU, Norimasa YAMAZAKI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 195-204 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0527-y

摘要： Homolog and congener profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo- - dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in commercial PCBs formulations are useful information for the source appointment of PCBs contamination as well as the risk assessment caused by potential exposure. Dielectric oil (ASKAREL Nr 1740) in an imported transformer found in China was sampled and analyzed by isotope dilution technology using high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). The detailed homolog and congener profiles of PCBs obtained were compared with those of known Aroclor formulations. High similarity in the homolog profile between the oil sample and Aroclor 1260 was found, with the hexachlorinated and heptachlorinated biphenyls accounting for more than 80.2% of the total PCBs concentration. Severn indicator PCBs contribute about 30%, while 12 PCB congeners (i.e., #153, #143, #168, #180, #149, #165, #138, #170, #190, #187, #174, #181) account for more than 50% of the total PCB concentrations. Total concentration of PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs) was found to be 740 ng TEQ/g, of which 620 ng TEQ/g came from DL-PCBs. The contribution of PCDDs to the total TEQ was neglectable. The concentration of PCDFs homologs follows the order of OCDF>HxCDFs>HpCDFs>PeCDFs>TeCDFs, which is in consistence with the previous study on Aroclor 1260. Three DL-PCBs congeners (i.e., #118, #156, #157) accounted for 77% of the total concentration of DL-PCBs, also they contribute 72% in the TEQ caused by DL-PCBs.

关键词： profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) Askarel transformer insulating fluid

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study on low temperature thermal treatment of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD

YAN Jianhua, CHEN Tong, LU Shengyong, LI Xiaodong, GU Yueling, CEN Kefa

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 280-284 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0039-1

摘要： The effects of temperature and time on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) distribution in fly ash of a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) were studied in a tubular oven under nitrogen atmosphere. The PCDD/Fs in the gas phase and solid phase were detected by high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with low resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/LRMS) se para tely. The experimental results showed that the major congener was octa-chlorinated dibenzo--dioxin (OCDD) in the gas phase and the low chlorinated congeners were the major products in the solid phase. There were high levels of OCDD in the gas phase in several experimental conditions although the PCDD/Fs in the solid phase could be decomposed. The optimum condition for PCDD/Fs decomposition in fly ash was a heating time of 60 min at 400 vH under nitrogen atmosphere.

关键词： congener polychlorinated temperature chromatography high-resolution

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Pressure drop analysis on the positive half-cell of a cerium redox flow battery using computational fluid dynamics: Mathematical and modelling aspects of porous media

Fernando F. Rivera, Berenice Miranda-Alcántara, Germán Orozco, Carlos Ponce de León, Luis F. Arenas

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 399-409 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1934-9

摘要： Description of electrolyte fluid dynamics in the electrode compartments by mathematical models can be a powerful tool in the development of redox flow batteries (RFBs) and other electrochemical reactors. In order to determine their predictive capability, turbulent Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and free flow plus porous media (Brinkman) models were applied to compute local fluid velocities taking place in a rectangular channel electrochemical flow cell used as the positive half-cell of a cerium-based RFB for laboratory studies. Two different platinized titanium electrodes were considered, a plate plus a turbulence promoter and an expanded metal mesh. Calculated pressure drop was validated against experimental data obtained with typical cerium electrolytes. It was found that the pressure drop values were better described by the RANS approach, whereas the validity of Brinkman equations was strongly dependent on porosity and permeability values of the porous media.

关键词： CFD simulation porous media porous electrode pressure drop redox flow battery

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Development of soft kernel durum wheat

Craig F. MORRIS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第3期页码 273-278 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019259

摘要：

Kernel texture (grain hardness) is a fundamental and determining factor related to wheat ( spp.) milling, baking and flour utilization. There are three kernel texture classes in wheat: soft and hard hexaploid ( ), and very hard durum ( subsp. ). The genetic basis for these three classes lies with the Puroindoline genes. Phenotypically, the easiest means of quantifying kernel texture is with the Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS), although other means are valid and can provide fundamental material properties. Typical SKCS values for soft wheat would be around 25 and for durum wheat≥80. Soft kernel durum wheat was created via homeologous recombination using the mutation, which facilitated the transfer of ca. 28 Mbp of 5DS that replaced ca. 21 Mbp of 5BS. The 5DS translocation contained a complete and intact locus and both puroindoline genes. Expression of the puroindoline genes in durum grain resulted in kernel texture and flour milling characteristics nearly identical to that of soft wheat, with high yields of break and straight-grade flours, which had small particle size and low starch damage. Dough water absorption was markedly reduced compared to durum flour and semolina. Dough was essentially unchanged and reflected the inherent gluten properties of the durum background. Pasta quality was essentially equal-to-or-better than pasta made from semolina. Agronomically, soft durum germplasm showed good potential with moderate grain yield and resistance to a number of fungal pathogens and insects. Future breeding efforts will no doubt further improve the quality and competitiveness of soft durum cultivars.

关键词： soft durum wheat grain hardness puroindolines milling baking pasta noodles

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组织工程模板中的生物相容性途径 Perspective

David F. Williams

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第2期页码 286-290 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.03.007

摘要：

组织工程通过系统结合分子信号和力学信号对特定靶细胞进行有意可控刺激以组建新的组织，通常需要借助由生物材料构建的结构传递这些信号，并对生成的组织块塑形。这些结构之前被称为支架，如今被更准确地命名为模板，其规范却难以定义，主要因为该规范必须涉及为细胞组建新组织提供适宜的微环境，以及细胞与模板材料的相互作用符合构建新型可存活组织的需求。这些特点统称为生物相容性。然而，传统生物相容性的理论和公认机制（大多通过可移植的医学装置进行实验得出）不足以解释在组织工程过程中的现象。本文作者近期在特定的基于材料、生物学的途径方面重新定义了生物相容性。本文以上述途径为前提讨论了组织工程生物相容性的机制。

关键词：生物材料支架机械力转导炎症拓扑

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Resistance of large deformation of the Wushaoling Tunnel F7 soft fault

ZHAO Xufeng, CHEN Haiming, WANG Chunmiao

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 123-127 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0013-3

摘要： In this article, the mechanical characteristics of the squeeze of the F7 fault of the Wushaoling Tunnel are analyzed. The measurements and techniques are proposed to resist the deformation. The result indicates that the method of construction to control the further squeeze deflection is appropriate.

关键词： F7 deformation appropriate construction mechanical

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未来网络专辑：软件定义网络 Editorial

Tao HUANG,F. Richard YU,Yun-jie LIU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第7期页码 603-605 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.SDN2016

摘要：无

关键词：无

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Nanocrystal technology for drug formulation and delivery

Tzu-Lan CHANG, Honglei ZHAN, Danni LIANG, Jun F. LIANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 1-14 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1509-3

摘要： With the development of modern technology like high throughput screening, combinatorial chemistry and computer aid drug design, the drug discovery process has been dramatically accelerated. However, new drug candidates often exhibit poor aqueous or even organic medium solubility. Additionally, many of them may have low dissolution velocity and low oral bioavailability. Nanocrystal formulation sheds new light on advanced drug development. Due to small (nano- or micro- meters) sizes, the increased surface-volume ratio leads to dramatically enhanced drug dissolution velocity and saturation solubility. The simplicity in preparation and the potential for various administration routes allow drug nanocrystals to be a novel drug delivery system for specific diseases (i.e. cancer). In addition to the comprehensive review of different technologies and methods in drug nanocrystal preparation, suspension, and stabilization, we will also compare nano- and micro-sized drug crystals in pharmaceutical applications and discuss current nanocrystal drugs on the market and their limitations.

关键词： drug nanocrystal nanotechnology formulation bioavailability stabilizers drug delivery

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Decomposing drivers of transportation energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions for the Philippines: the case of developing countries

Neil Stephen LOPEZ, Anthony S.F. CHIU, Jose Bienvenido Manuel BIONA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 389-399 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0578-7

摘要：

Global CO₂ emissions increased by 57.9% from 1990 to 2014, of which 21% is known to be from the transportation sector. In line with policy development, driving forces to energy consumption and emissions may be determined using decomposition analysis techniques. However, the detail of information required to perform such studies for the transportation sector in developing countries can be challenging. An attempt was made in this study to formulate a decomposition analysis framework considering data availability and limitation in developing countries. Furthermore, a suggestion of adjusting transport activity data using average oil price was proposed. An illustrative case study in the Philippines revealed that the most significant driver was transport activity, followed by energy intensity, and then population growth, which was both similar and contrary to all previous studies performed in developed and rapidly urbanizing countries, which pointed out to transport activity as the primary contributing force. For the Philippines, transport activity was an inhibiting force, whereas energy intensity was the primary contributing factor. The difference could be explained by the differences in mode shares and quality of life between countries. Looking at private vehicle ownership data, it is observed that growth rates are higher in the rural, than in the urban centers. Deriving from the findings, developing a comprehensive public transport plan is recommend for future growth areas, expansion and modernization of public transport services in the city, and strategic deployment of transport policies.

关键词： transportation LMDI decomposition developing country emissions

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Comments on the special issue on Agri-product Quality and Safety

Charles F. SHOEMAKER

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第3期页码 294-294 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018237

摘要：

关键词： valign= top class= J_zhaiyao

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Observation of a higher JAK2 V617F homozygous mutated clone in polycythemia vera compared to essential

LIU Hongxing, TONG Chunrong, CAI Peng, GU Jiangying, LIN Yuehui, TENG Wen, WANG He, ZHANG Ying, ZHU Ping

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 309-313 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0059-1

摘要： Single-tube bi-directional allele specific amplification (SB-ASA) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) assays were developed and performed for JAK2V617F detection on 40 polycythemia vera (PV) samples, 31 essential thrombocythemia (ET) samples, 40 acute leukemia samples, and 40 healthy control samples. Differences between detect limitations of the two assays and their influence on the mutation detection rate were analyzed. The results showed that in some samples, the JAK2V617F burden was as low as nearly 1%, and thus more JAK2V617F-positive samples were detected by RQ-PCR than by SB-ASA assay due to the former higher detect limitation. Mutation allele ratios in PV and ET samples and their relevance to biological characteristics were also analyzed. The results showed that the mutation allele ratio was 0.436 ± 0.261 in PV, higher than the 0.216 ± 0.207 in ET; percentage of certainly homozygous mutation carriers in PV was 40.54%, higher than the 10% in ET. However, statistical analysis showed no relevance between mutation allele burden and sex or age. Our result shows that the pathogenesis of PV and ET may be related to the mutation allele burden of JAK2V617F.

关键词： specific amplification essential thrombocythemia Single-tube bi-directional JAK2V617F-positive JAK2V617F detection

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Atmospheric heterogeneous reaction of chlorobenzene on mineral -FeO particulates: a chamber experiment study

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1734-9

摘要：

● Photochemical conversion of chlorobenzene (CB) on α-Fe₂O₃ was evaluated.

关键词： Photochemical conversion Chlorobenzene α-Fe₂O₃ PCDD/Fs Mineral particulate

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标题作者时间类型操作

Legacies and health risks of heavy metals, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins/furans at e-waste recycling sites in South China

期刊论文

Distribution of PCDD/Fs in a food waste anaerobic digestion process with biogas utilization

期刊论文

PCDD/Fs emission, risk characterization, and reduction in China’s secondary copper production industry

Haiqian LI, Yonglong LU, Li LI

期刊论文

Detailed analysis of PCBs and PCDD/Fs impurities in a dielectric oil sample (ASKAREL Nr 1740) from an

Jun HUANG, Yamei HUI, Toru MATSUMURA, Gang YU, Shubo DENG, Makoto YAMAUCHI, Changmin WU, Norimasa YAMAZAKI

期刊论文

study on low temperature thermal treatment of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD

YAN Jianhua, CHEN Tong, LU Shengyong, LI Xiaodong, GU Yueling, CEN Kefa

期刊论文

Pressure drop analysis on the positive half-cell of a cerium redox flow battery using computational fluid dynamics: Mathematical and modelling aspects of porous media

Fernando F. Rivera, Berenice Miranda-Alcántara, Germán Orozco, Carlos Ponce de León, Luis F. Arenas

期刊论文

Development of soft kernel durum wheat

Craig F. MORRIS

期刊论文

组织工程模板中的生物相容性途径

David F. Williams

期刊论文

Resistance of large deformation of the Wushaoling Tunnel F7 soft fault

ZHAO Xufeng, CHEN Haiming, WANG Chunmiao

期刊论文

未来网络专辑：软件定义网络